Samer Badawi Hamas non ha iniziato questa battaglia, ma non vincerà neanche
Hamas didn't start this fight, but it won't win it either
Sintesi personale
L'uccisione israeliana del comandante di Hamas Nour Baraka di domenica e la prevedibile risposta del movimento islamista hanno scatenato timori di rinnovate ostilità tra le due parti. Anche se non è chiaro se l'uccisione di Baraka sia stata pianificata o il risultato di un'operazione di "intelligence-gathering" israeliana, molti osservatori vedono parallelismi con l' assassinio di Israele di Ahmad Al Jabari , allora capo dell'ala militare di Hamas. L'incidente ha provocato otto giorni di combattimenti e l'uccisione di sei israeliani e 167 palestinesi .Se lo scambio mortale di sei anni fa riguardava la vendetta di un alto comandante di Hamas, le sue perdite, anche secondo le cifre ufficiali dell'esercito israeliano, erano per lo più costituile da civili. Lo stesso risultato sicuramente avverrebbe in un altro scontro, in quanto qualsiasi attacco aereo israeliano spronerebbe i membri di Hamas a nascondersi. Entrambe le parti lo sanno, e anche se Netanyahu ha dimostrato più e più volte che non esiterebbe a uccidere gli innocenti, specialmente nel perseguimento del guadagno politico interno, quali opzioni ha Hamas?Per esplorare questa domanda, dobbiamo essere chiari su ciò che è in gioco.Che lo volessero o meno, i pianificatori militari israeliani sapevano che l'uccisione di Baraka avrebbe determinalo l'azione di Hamas.Di qualsiasi risposta palestinese avrebbe chiaramente beneficiato Netanyahu, criticato dai suoi avversari politici per aver permesso che 15 milioni di dollari in contanti del Qatar venissero trasferiti nella Striscia, principalmente come uno stop-gap contro la sua continua discesa nel caos .Eppure, nonostante la ricaduta di quella mossa, Netanyahu ha un problema politico più pressante: la resistenza di massa all'assedio ininterrotto di Israele e il disastro umanitario che ha creato.Secondo alcune stime recenti, circa 200 manifestanti palestinesi, parte delle migliaia che marciano ogni settimana lungo il "confine" autoproclamato da Israele con Gaza, sono stati uccisi da cecchini statali mentre altri 18.000 sono stati feriti, molti dal fuoco vivo. Tra queste vittime, il ventinovenne Ibrahim Abu Thuraya, costretto su una sedia a rotelle, al quale i cecchini israeliani hanno sparato alla testa con munizioni vere, un atto che l'Alto Commissario delle Nazioni Unite per i diritti umani ha definito "veramente scioccante e sfrenato" e il medico volontario,la ventunenne Razan Al-Najar, che indossava un'uniforme bianca e, secondo le testimonianze dei testimoni oculari, ha alzato le mani quando un cecchino israeliano l'ha colpita al petto, mettendo fine alla sua vita.
Medici palestinesi evacuano un manifestante ferito durante la Great Return March a Gaza. 20 aprile 2018. (Mohammed Zaanoun / Activestills.)
Queste orribili uccisioni, uniti al coraggio quasi incomprensibile che continua a guidare i manifestanti disarmati fino al confine, hanno suscitato indignazione e solidarietà da luoghi improbabili. Grandi artisti come Natalie Portman e Lana Del Ray non hanno partecipato a eventi in Israele, aggiungendo slancio al movimento palestinese BDS. Le recenti elezioni di medio termine negli Stati Uniti hanno chiarito che gli elettori americani sono disposti a sostenere candidati critici nei confronti di IsraeleQuesto straordinario cambiamento di atteggiamento è la vera minaccia per Netanyahu ed è lo status quo che cerca di preservare a Gaza, anche attraverso l'infusione di denaro a Hamas. La domanda è se Hamas permetterà al leader israeliano di trascinarlo in un'altra lotta sbilenca, che non solo costerà la vita di innumerevoli civili innocenti, ma distrarrà anche dalla resistenza di massa in corso all'assedio israeliano da 12 anni.Qualsiasi risposta di Hamas deve iniziare con una valutazione chiara delle tattiche più adatte alla lotta palestinese. Un tale calcolo richiederà ai leader del movimento di vedere oltre la loro voglia di vendicarsi per l'uccisione di Baraka. Dopotutto, se Hamas è veramente rappresentativo del popolo che afferma di difendere, la morte di uno dei suoi comandanti non può essere una tragedia diversa dalla morte di Abu Thuraya, di Al-Najar, e delle centinaia di altri palestinesi uccisi durante il Grande Marcia di Ritorno - per non parlare delle migliaia di persone che hanno perso la vita durante le precedenti tre guerre su Gaza.Mentre Hamas calcola le sue prossime mosse, mi viene in mente un altro momento storico, raccontato nel documentario eccezionale, Naila and the Uprising . Il film segue un gruppo di donne palestinesi che, insieme, erano in prima linea nella prima intifada, catturando l'attenzione del mondo ed esponendo la brutalità della risposta di Israele alle proteste non armate. Queste donne hanno guidato l'opposizione per mantenere la resistenza un passo avanti rispetto ai militari israeliani e hanno fatto tutto questo senza la direzione di Yasser Arafat e dell'OLP, che si trovava a margine dell'intifada nel suo quartier generale a Tunisi.Arafat alla fine avrebbe rubato i riflettori, però. Anche se Naila descrive con accenni strazianti il suo arresto, la tortura e l' esilio per mano delle autorità dell'occupazione - ciò che lei e i suoi compagni hanno in comune è il tradimento da parte della "leadership" palestinese, che ha accettato i termini del disastroso accordo di Oslo senza nemmeno consultare nessuno di loro. Questi uomini, appena tornati come parte di una "autorità" palestinese, hanno poi emarginato le stesse donne responsabili dei loro posti.Mentre tratteniamo il respiro durante quest'ultima "escalation" - tra un governo israeliano recentemente messo in stato d'accusa dalla Corte penale internazionale e una fazione palestinese che usa abitualmente torture per mettere a tacere il dissenso - ricordiamoci, anche se possono battere il loro petto e reclamare i loro mantelli, non ci sono eroi tra loro. La verità è che l'omicidio di Baraka non ha cambiato la posta in gioco per i due milioni di palestinesi di Gaza, che, come i loro compatrioti in Cisgiordania e in Israele, continueranno a trovare modi per resistere alle ingiustizie quotidiane dell'occupazione. Alla fine né Netanyahu né Hamas possono eclissarli.
Hamas didn't start this fight, but it won't win it either
If Hamas allows Israel to drag it into another
lopsided fight, it will not only cost the lives of countless innocent
civilians in Gaza, it will also distract from ongoing mass resistance to
the siege.

Israel’s killing of Hamas commander Nour Baraka on Sunday and the
predictable response from the Islamist movement have sparked fears of
renewed hostilities between the two sides. Although it remains unclear
whether Baraka’s killing was planned or the result of a botched Israeli
“intelligence-gathering” operation, many observers see parallels with
Israel’s 2012 assassination of Ahmad Al Jabari, then the head of Hamas’ military wing. That incident set off eight days of fighting in which six Israelis and 167 Palestinians were killed.
If the deadly exchange six years ago was about avenging a senior Hamas commander, its casualties, even according to the Israeli military’s official figures, were mostly civilian. The same outcome would surely follow another confrontation, as any sustained Israeli air assault would no doubt send Hamas operatives into hiding. Both sides know this, and though Netanyahu has demonstrated time and again that he will not hesitate to kill innocents, especially in pursuit of domestic political gain, what options does Hamas have?
To explore this question, we must be clear about what is at stake.
Whether they intended it or not, Israel’s military planners know that Baraka’s killing will bait Hamas. Any sustained response by the Palestinian faction would clearly benefit Netanyahu, who has been lambasted by his political opponents for allowing $15 million in Qatari cash to be transferred to the Strip, mostly as a stop-gap against its ongoing descent into chaos.
Yet despite the fallout from that move, Netanyahu has a more pressing political problem — mass resistance to Israel’s ongoing siege and the humanitarian disaster it has created.
According to recent estimates, some 200 Palestinian protesters, part of the thousands who march each week along Israel’s self-declared “border” with Gaza, have been gunned down by state snipers while a further 18,000 have been injured, many by live fire. These victims include the wheelchair-bound 29-year-old Ibrahim Abu Thuraya, whom Israeli snipers shot in the head with live ammunition, an act the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called “truly shocking and wanton”; and 21-year-old volunteer medic Razan Al-Najar, who wore a white uniform and, according to eyewitness reports, had her hands raised when an Israeli sniper shot her through the chest, ending her life.

These horrific killings, combined with the almost incomprehensible
courage that continues to drive unarmed protesters to the border, have
elicited both outrage and solidarity from unlikely places. Major artists
like Natalie Portman and Lana Del Ray
have pulled out of events in Israel, adding to the momentum of the
Palestinian BDS movement. And the recent midterm elections in the United
States made clear that American voters are willing to back candidates
critical of Israel.
This extraordinary shift in attitudes is the real threat to Netanyahu and the status quo he seeks to preserve in Gaza, including through last week’s cash infusion to Hamas. The question is whether Hamas will allow the Israeli leader to drag it into another lopsided fight, which will not only cost the lives of countless innocent civilians, but also distract from ongoing mass resistance to the 12-year Israeli siege.
Any Hamas response must begin with a clear-eyed appraisal of the tactics best-suited to the Palestinian struggle. But such a calculation will require the movement’s leaders to see beyond their urge to retaliate for Baraka’s killing. After all, if Hamas is truly representative of the people it claims to defend, the death of one of its commanders can be no more of a tragedy than the deaths of Abu Thuraya, Al-Najar, and the hundreds of other Palestinians killed during the Great March of Return — to say nothing of the thousands more who lost their lives during the preceding three wars on Gaza.
As Hamas calculates its next moves, I am reminded of another historical moment, retold in the outstanding documentary, Naila and the Uprising. The film follows a group of Palestinian women who, together, were at the frontlines of the first intifada, which captured the world’s attention by exposing the brutality of Israel’s response to unarmed protests. These women single-handedly commanded everything from farming collectives to elaborate communications networks designed to keep the resistance one step ahead of the Israeli military. And they did all of this without direction from Yasser Arafat and the PLO, which sat on the sidelines of the intifada from its headquarters in Tunis.
Arafat would eventually steal back the spotlight, though. Although Naila anchors the eponymous film’s narrative — with harrowing accounts of her arrest, torture, and exile at the hands of occupation authorities — what she and her comrades ultimately have in common is their betrayal by the Palestinian “leadership,” which agreed to the terms of the disastrous Oslo agreement without so much as consulting any of them. That these men, newly returned as part of a Palestinian “authority,” then marginalized the very women responsible for their posts only underscores the point.
As we hold our breaths during this latest “escalation” — between an Israeli government recently put on notice by the International Criminal Court and a Palestinian faction that routinely uses torture to silence dissent — let us remember that, though they may beat their chests and claim their mantles, there are no heroes among them. The truth is that Baraka’s killing has not changed the stakes for Gaza’s two million Palestinians, who, like their compatriots in the West Bank and Israel, will continue to find ways to resist the daily injustices of occupation. Ultimately, neither Netanyahu nor Hamas can eclipse them.

Palestinians
inspect the rubble left of a Hamas facility destroyed by the Israeli
army following a botched Israeli incursion into Gaza, November 12, 2018.
(Abed Rahim Khatib/Flash90)
If the deadly exchange six years ago was about avenging a senior Hamas commander, its casualties, even according to the Israeli military’s official figures, were mostly civilian. The same outcome would surely follow another confrontation, as any sustained Israeli air assault would no doubt send Hamas operatives into hiding. Both sides know this, and though Netanyahu has demonstrated time and again that he will not hesitate to kill innocents, especially in pursuit of domestic political gain, what options does Hamas have?
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Whether they intended it or not, Israel’s military planners know that Baraka’s killing will bait Hamas. Any sustained response by the Palestinian faction would clearly benefit Netanyahu, who has been lambasted by his political opponents for allowing $15 million in Qatari cash to be transferred to the Strip, mostly as a stop-gap against its ongoing descent into chaos.
Yet despite the fallout from that move, Netanyahu has a more pressing political problem — mass resistance to Israel’s ongoing siege and the humanitarian disaster it has created.
According to recent estimates, some 200 Palestinian protesters, part of the thousands who march each week along Israel’s self-declared “border” with Gaza, have been gunned down by state snipers while a further 18,000 have been injured, many by live fire. These victims include the wheelchair-bound 29-year-old Ibrahim Abu Thuraya, whom Israeli snipers shot in the head with live ammunition, an act the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called “truly shocking and wanton”; and 21-year-old volunteer medic Razan Al-Najar, who wore a white uniform and, according to eyewitness reports, had her hands raised when an Israeli sniper shot her through the chest, ending her life.

Palestinian
medics evacuate a protester injured during the Great Return March in
Gaza. April 20, 2018. (Mohammed Zaanoun / Activestills.)
This extraordinary shift in attitudes is the real threat to Netanyahu and the status quo he seeks to preserve in Gaza, including through last week’s cash infusion to Hamas. The question is whether Hamas will allow the Israeli leader to drag it into another lopsided fight, which will not only cost the lives of countless innocent civilians, but also distract from ongoing mass resistance to the 12-year Israeli siege.
Any Hamas response must begin with a clear-eyed appraisal of the tactics best-suited to the Palestinian struggle. But such a calculation will require the movement’s leaders to see beyond their urge to retaliate for Baraka’s killing. After all, if Hamas is truly representative of the people it claims to defend, the death of one of its commanders can be no more of a tragedy than the deaths of Abu Thuraya, Al-Najar, and the hundreds of other Palestinians killed during the Great March of Return — to say nothing of the thousands more who lost their lives during the preceding three wars on Gaza.
As Hamas calculates its next moves, I am reminded of another historical moment, retold in the outstanding documentary, Naila and the Uprising. The film follows a group of Palestinian women who, together, were at the frontlines of the first intifada, which captured the world’s attention by exposing the brutality of Israel’s response to unarmed protests. These women single-handedly commanded everything from farming collectives to elaborate communications networks designed to keep the resistance one step ahead of the Israeli military. And they did all of this without direction from Yasser Arafat and the PLO, which sat on the sidelines of the intifada from its headquarters in Tunis.
Arafat would eventually steal back the spotlight, though. Although Naila anchors the eponymous film’s narrative — with harrowing accounts of her arrest, torture, and exile at the hands of occupation authorities — what she and her comrades ultimately have in common is their betrayal by the Palestinian “leadership,” which agreed to the terms of the disastrous Oslo agreement without so much as consulting any of them. That these men, newly returned as part of a Palestinian “authority,” then marginalized the very women responsible for their posts only underscores the point.
As we hold our breaths during this latest “escalation” — between an Israeli government recently put on notice by the International Criminal Court and a Palestinian faction that routinely uses torture to silence dissent — let us remember that, though they may beat their chests and claim their mantles, there are no heroes among them. The truth is that Baraka’s killing has not changed the stakes for Gaza’s two million Palestinians, who, like their compatriots in the West Bank and Israel, will continue to find ways to resist the daily injustices of occupation. Ultimately, neither Netanyahu nor Hamas can eclipse them.
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As an independent journalism outlet we aren’t beholden to any outside interests. In order to safeguard that independence voice, we are proud to count you, our readers, as our most important supporters. If each of our readers becomes a supporter of our work, +972 Magazine will remain a strong, independent, and sustainable force helping drive the discourse on Israel/Palestine in the right direction.
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