Akiva Eldar : Israele e la guerra tra gli ebrei


 
 
 
 
 
While the international community keeps trying to end the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, many Orthodox Israelis reject not only Arabs but all also other…
al-monitor.com

 

Sintesi personale

Il sondaggio di Pew Research Center   ha evidenziato   atteggiamenti preoccupanti della società ebraica verso la minoranza araba in Israele e la popolazione palestinese nei territori  : il 79% RITIENE che i cittadini palestinesi di Israele devono avere meno diritti rispetto ai cittadini ebrei.  Il  sondaggio ha puntualizzato ,comunque, che le opinioni sono molto divergenti all'interno del mondo ebraico per quanto riguarda la cultura e la religione. 
Pochi ultra-ortodossi e laici ebrei hanno amici al di fuori delle proprie comunità. 9 su 10 ebrei laici affermano che non si sentirebbero   a proprio agio    (73%) se i loro figli sposassero un ultra-ortodosso Ebreo. Tra gli ultra-ortodossi l'  opposizione al matrimonio misto con ebrei laici raggiunge rispettivamente il 95% e il 78%   Il  rabbino capo di Israele, Yitzhak Yosef , ha recentemente invitato gli ebrei religiosi a distanziare i loro figli dalle  famiglie  secolari  o tradizionali per evitare qualsiasi scambio di conoscenza ,ma gli ultra-ortodossi hanno un nemico ancora peggiore degli ebrei non osservanti che mangiano cibo non kosher e violano il sabato. Questi sonoReform and Conservative ebrei e ebree  che siedono fianco a fianco nelle loro sinagoghe, piuttosto che in sezioni separate. Questa "minaccia" non deriva dalla dimensione di queste comunità, solo il 5% degli ebrei israeliani   si identifica con queste correnti secondo il sondaggio Pew.Ciò che  fa   paura  agli ultra-ortodossa è il loro tentativo di modificare la legge ebraica, che a loro avviso non dovrebbe mai essere fatto.


In  un  incontro con Netanyahu, i politici ultra-ortodossi  hanno chiesto di annullare  un accordo , approvato dal governo, che consente agli ebrei riformati  e agli  ebrei conservatori  di pregare insieme alle donne del Muro   in un apposito spazio  assegnato presso il Muro occidentale.  Netanyahu ha annunciato   che avrebbe  sospeso la disposizione fino a quando non avesse ricevuto una proposta alternativa dai capi dei rabbini  che si oppongono ad ogni cambiamento dello status quo del Muro Occidentale.
Rabbi Baruch Dov Povarsky  ha  attaccato Netanyahu  in quanto ha osato entrare in contatto con i leader del "pagani". 
Se nessun compromesso  sarà trovato in un prossimo futuro, Netanyahu sarà costretto a decidere l'escalation del conflitto tra i flussi progressisti che costituiscono la maggior parte degli ebrei (36% per la riforma e il 18% per la comunità conservatore, secondo il sondaggio Pew ), e il flusso ortodosso  in Israele  che ha il potere di rovesciare primi ministri.
In entrambi i casi sembra che la questione del '', chi  è un Ebreo '' stia gradualmente riprendendo un posto importante nell'agenda pubblica democratica ebraica.

 

 
 
 
 
While the international community keeps trying to end the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, many Orthodox Israelis reject not only Arabs but all also other…
al-monitor.com

 

 

 

 

 

Israel's war between the Jews

Most of the headlines in the Israeli media regarding the broad-ranging Pew Research Center survey published March 8 dealt, rightly so, with the troubling attitudes of Jewish society toward the Arab minority in Israel and the Palestinian population in the territories. The public discourse of the past week focused on findings that illustrate racist and discriminatory trends, such as the 79% majority who believe Israel’s Palestinian citizens deserve fewer rights than its Jews. It is probable that members of the UN delegation the Security Council is considering sending to the West Bank and to Israel would keep this data in mind. Al-Monitor has learned that the delegation — a fact-finding mission — would be asked to examine the feasibility of the "two state for two peoples solution." President Barack Obama's administration has been paying particular attention to this conflict recently. In a last-ditch effort, it is seeking to extricate the diplomatic process between Israel and the Palestinians from its quagmire by promoting this new UN initiative.
SummaryPrint While the international community keeps trying to end the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, many Orthodox Israelis reject not only Arabs but all also other Jews.
Author
TranslatorRuti Sinai
Judging by the survey's finding, the Jewish people residing in Israel would rather the Palestinian people find themselves a state across the river or over the sea. Also, the poll reveals that while the Jews living in Israel share the same country, their views on culture and religion are widely divergent. East against West.
Few ultra-Orthodox and secular Jews have friends outside of their own communities. Some nine out of 10 secular Jews say they would “not feel comfortable” or “not feel comfortable at all” (73%) if their children were to one day marry an ultra-Orthodox Jew. Among the ultra-Orthodox, opposition to mixed marriage with secular Jews reaches 95% and 78%, respectively (not comfortable/not comfortable at all). It was reported March 8 that Israel’s chief rabbi, Yitzhak Yosef, recently called on religious Jews to distance their kids from secular or traditional family members, and even to prevent any acquaintance with them.
But the ultra-Orthodox have an even worse enemy than non-observant Jews who eat non-Kosher food and violate the Sabbath. These are the Reform and Conservative Jews and Jewesses, who sit side by side in their synagogues rather than in separate sections. For the ultra-Orthodox, they are even worse than homosexuals and lesbians, whom they consider simply poor souls who have lost their minds. This "threat" does not stem from the size of these communities, as only 5% of Israeli Jews identify with Reform and Conservative Judaism, according to the Pew survey. What the ultra-Orthodox fear is the attempt by the Reform and Conservative communities to alter Jewish law, which they believe should never be done.
Following the Feb. 11 Supreme Court decision allowing those who undergo Reform and Conservative conversions to Judaism to use the ritual baths, Knesset member Yisrael Eichler of the ultra-Orthodox Yahadut HaTorah Party wrote, “Not every mentally ill person can come into an operating room and lay down medical rules. Just as the Supreme Court cannot force a hospital to let in its own surgeons and medications, this is beyond the pale to force mikveh managers to allow Reform conversion ceremonies to take place in a Jewish mikveh.” Eichler said, “The Supreme Court has no authority to impose Jewish halachic law, the source of which is the Torah.” He accused the court of an attempt to generate wars of religion in Israel, similar to the “inter-religious war in Syria and Iraq.”
The Knesset member, whose party is a member of the coalition government, was referring to the High Court ruling, canceling the exclusive control of the Chief Rabbinate over the mikvehs. This ruling was based on the law banning discrimination in the provision of services and entrance into public places.
In a March 6 meeting with Netanyahu, ultra-Orthodox ministers Aryeh Deri and Yaakov Litzman and ultra-Orthodox Knesset member Moshe Gafni demanded that the government promote legislation to circumvent the court’s decision. A week later, after threatening a coalition crisis, the ministerial committee on legislation approved a proposed mikveh bill, stating that mikvehs are not a "public service." Thus, the issue of discrimination would not apply.
At that same meeting with Netanyahu, the ultra-Orthodox politicians also demanded the nullification of an arrangement, approved by the government, allowing Reform and Conservative Jews, along with the Women of the Wall — an equal prayer rights movement — and the Jewish Agency to jointly administer the new prayer space by the Western Wall allocated specially to them. Netanyahu announced that he was suspending the arrangement until he gets an alternative proposal from the chief rabbis, who object to any change in the Western Wall status quo.
Rabbi Baruch Dov Povarsky, head of the Ponivej rabbinical college and member of the Torah Sages Council, attacked Netanyahu, who dared come in contact with the leaders of the “heathen.” According to him, it’s no wonder that the Zionists are meeting with those who seek to uproot religion, given that “in his heart, the prime minister would also like to be like them,” so he said.
No one can really tell what Netanyahu believes deep in his heart. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that it was not Netanyahu who initiated the changes in praying spaces by the Western Wall or bathing in the ritual baths. Much like all other politicians who governed Israel since the state was founded, Netanyahu walks the fine line separating the principle of equality between the different streams of Judaism and the control of the Orthodox sector on the State's Chief Rabbinate and other religious institutions. Netanyahu, to his political detriment, finds himself between a rock and a hard place — between the rock of the Supreme Court, supervising the rule of justice and preventing discrimination, and the hard place of coalition considerations.
If no compromise is found in the near future, Netanyahu will be forced to decide in the escalating conflict between the progressive streams that constitute the majority of US Jewry (36% to the Reform and 18% to the Conservative community, according to the Pew survey), and the Orthodox stream in Israel, which has the power to crown or topple prime ministers.
Either way, it seems that the question of ''who is a Jew'' — a debate that was sidelined by the violent Israeli-Palestinian conflict, is gradually retaking a major place on the Jewish democratic public agenda.

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